A 2013 Rand evaluation of SAMHSA’s Primary and Behavioral Health Integration (BPHCI) grants program, designed to improve the physical health status of people with serious mental illness, showed improvement in some but not all health indicators. California’s ten grantees showed overall positive results. San Mateo County Behavioral Health, for example, which implemented a medication-assisted treatment for people with severe alcohol abuse, saw ER visits drop from 6 to .2 per year. Likewise, Alameda County Behavioral Health’s PBHCI high utilizing clients reduced their ER visits from 12.9 to 6.3 per year.